commit 2d325464912def23436e0b826853a2eaa378c13b Author: Twoje Imię Nazwisko Date: Thu May 15 10:23:15 2025 +0200 init diff --git a/main.aux b/main.aux new file mode 100644 index 0000000..99f1863 --- /dev/null +++ b/main.aux @@ -0,0 +1,19 @@ +\relax +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{2}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Prerequisites}{2}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Step-by-Step Configuration}{2}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Creating and Setting Up the Incus Container}{2}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Installing Additional Packages}{3}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Configuring Users and Permissions}{3}{}\protected@file@percent } +\@writefile{toc}{\contentsline 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LaTeX Error: \begin{document} ended by \end{lstlisting}. + +See the LaTeX manual or LaTeX Companion for explanation. +Type H for immediate help. + ... + +l.258 \end{lstlisting} + +? + + +[5] + +[6] (./main.aux) + *********** +LaTeX2e <2024-11-01> patch level 2 +L3 programming layer <2025-01-18> + *********** + ) +Here is how much of TeX's memory you used: + 1558 strings out of 475178 + 25442 string characters out of 5766539 + 415398 words of memory out of 5000000 + 24568 multiletter control sequences out of 15000+600000 + 595025 words of font info for 63 fonts, out of 8000000 for 9000 + 14 hyphenation exceptions out of 8191 + 57i,6n,65p,390b,220s stack positions out of 10000i,1000n,20000p,200000b,200000s + +Output written on main.pdf (6 pages, 239406 bytes). +PDF statistics: + 112 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) + 50 compressed objects within 1 object stream + 0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) + 1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) + diff --git a/main.tex b/main.tex new file mode 100644 index 0000000..f9de0a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/main.tex @@ -0,0 +1,273 @@ +\documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article} +\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} +\usepackage[T1]{fontenc} +\usepackage{lmodern} +\usepackage{geometry} +\geometry{margin=1in} +\usepackage{listings} +\usepackage{xcolor} +\usepackage{parskip} + +\lstset{ + basicstyle=\ttfamily\small, + breaklines=true, + frame=single, + numbers=left, + numberstyle=\tiny, + keywordstyle=\color{blue}, + commentstyle=\color{gray}, + stringstyle=\color{red} +} + +% Define YAML language for listings +\lstdefinelanguage{yaml}{ + keywords={true,false,null,yaml,network,version,ethernets,dhcp4,addresses,routes,to,via,nameservers}, + keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries, + basicstyle=\ttfamily\small, + sensitive=false, + comment=[l]{\#}, + commentstyle=\color{gray}\itshape, + stringstyle=\color{red}, + morestring=[b]{"}, + morestring=[b]{'} +} + +% Define Python language for listings +\lstdefinelanguage{python}{ + keywords={def,class,import,from,as,try,except,with,return,raise,if,elif,else,for,in,while,break,continue}, + keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries, + basicstyle=\ttfamily\small, + sensitive=true, + comment=[l]{\#}, + commentstyle=\color{gray}\itshape, + stringstyle=\color{red}, + morestring=[b]{"}, + morestring=[b]{'}, + identifierstyle=\color{black} +} + +\begin{document} + +\title{Basic Configuration of dnsmasq in an Incus Container on Debian with Netplan} +\author{} +\date{} +\maketitle + +\section{Introduction} +This guide provides step-by-step instructions for setting up \texttt{dnsmasq} as a DNS and DHCP server in an Incus container running Debian. The network configuration is managed using Netplan and a custom Python script to create virtual Ethernet (veth) pairs and bridges, ensuring proper network integration. + +\section{Prerequisites} +Before proceeding, ensure the following: +\begin{itemize} + \item Incus is installed on the host system (\texttt{sudo apt install incus}). + \item A Debian-based container is created in Incus. + \item Python 3 and the \texttt{pyroute2} package are installed on the host (\texttt{sudo apt install python3 python3-pyroute2}). + \item Basic knowledge of Linux networking and container management. + \item Root or sudo access to the host and container. +\end{itemize} + +\section{Step-by-Step Configuration} + +\subsection{Creating and Setting Up the Incus Container} +Create a Debian container named \texttt{dnsmasq-container} using the following commands on the host: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus create images:debian/12 dnsmasq-container +incus config set dnsmasq-container security.syscalls.intercept.mount true +incus config set dnsmasq-container security.nesting true +incus config set dnsmasq-container security.privileged true +incus start dnsmasq-container +\end{lstlisting} +The \texttt{security.syscalls.intercept.mount}, \texttt{security.nesting}, and \texttt{security.privileged} settings are required for \texttt{dnsmasq} and Docker to function correctly in the container. + +\subsection{Installing Additional Packages} +Install the necessary packages inside the container: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- apt update +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- apt install -y \ + netplan.io \ + sudo vim nano git tmux mc zip unzip curl wget htop lynx \ + iproute2 termshark bridge-utils \ + python3 python3-ipython python3-pyroute2 python3-scapy \ + docker.io docker-compose +\end{lstlisting} + +\subsection{Configuring Users and Permissions} +Configure user access and permissions within the container. + +\subsubsection{Changing the Root Password} +Set the root password to "passroot": +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- bash -c 'echo "root:passroot" | chpasswd' +\end{lstlisting} + +\subsubsection{Adding a New User} +Add a new user named "user" with the password "pass" and add them to the "sudo" and "docker" groups: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- useradd -m -s /bin/bash user +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- bash -c 'echo "user:pass" | chpasswd' +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- usermod -aG sudo user +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- usermod -aG docker user +\end{lstlisting} + +\subsection{Accessing the Container} +Access the container's shell: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- bash +\end{lstlisting} + +\subsection{Installing dnsmasq} +Update the package list and install \texttt{dnsmasq}: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- apt update +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- apt install dnsmasq -y +\end{lstlisting} + +\subsection{Configuring Network with Veth Pairs and Netplan} +To enable advanced networking, use the provided Python script (\texttt{link.py}) to create a virtual Ethernet (veth) pair connecting the container to the host's network namespace, with an optional bridge for network integration. Save the following script as \texttt{link.py} on the host: + +\begin{lstlisting}[language=python] +import argparse +import os +import subprocess +import sys +from pyroute2 import IPRoute, NetNS + +# ... (rest of the link.py script as provided) ... +\end{lstlisting} + +Run the script to create a veth pair, move one end to the container's network namespace, and attach it to a bridge on the host. First, identify the container's name or ID: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus list +\end{lstlisting} +Assuming the container name is \texttt{dnsmasq-container}, execute the script with sudo privileges: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +sudo python3 link.py --namespace1 dnsmasq-container --namespace2 1 \ + --name1 veth-container --name2 veth-host \ + --bridge2 br0 --type1 incus +\end{lstlisting} + +\textbf{Explanation:} +\begin{itemize} + \item \texttt{--namespace1 dnsmasq-container}: Specifies the container's network namespace (Incus container). + \item \texttt{--namespace2 1}: Specifies the default (host) namespace. + \item \texttt{--name1 veth-container}: Names the veth interface inside the container. + \item \texttt{--name2 veth-host}: Names the veth interface on the host. + \item \texttt{--bridge2 br0}: Attaches the host's veth interface to a bridge named \texttt{br0}. + \item \texttt{--type1 incus}: Indicates that \texttt{namespace1} is an Incus container. +\end{itemize} + +Before running the script, ensure the bridge \texttt{br0} exists on the host. Create it if necessary: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +sudo ip link add name br0 type bridge +sudo ip link set br0 up +\end{lstlisting} + +The script exposes the container's network namespace, creates the veth pair, moves \texttt{veth-container} to the container's namespace, attaches \texttt{veth-host} to \texttt{br0}, and brings both interfaces up. + +\subsection{Configuring the Network with Netplan} +Configure the container's network using Netplan to assign a static IP address to the \texttt{veth-container} interface (aliased as \texttt{eth0} for simplicity). Create or edit the Netplan configuration file at \texttt{/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml} inside the container: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml +\end{lstlisting} +Add the following configuration: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=yaml] +network: + version: 2 + ethernets: + eth0: + match: + name: veth-container + dhcp4: no + addresses: + - 192.168.1.10/24 + routes: + - to: default + via: 192.168.1.1 + nameservers: + addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4] +\end{lstlisting} + +\textbf{Explanation:} +\begin{itemize} + \item \texttt{match: name: veth-container}: Matches the \texttt{veth-container} interface created by the script, aliased as \texttt{eth0}. + \item \texttt{dhcp4: no}: Disables DHCP to use a static IP. + \item \texttt{addresses}: Assigns the static IP \texttt{192.168.1.10/24}. + \item \texttt{routes}: Sets the default gateway to \texttt{192.168.1.1}. + \item \texttt{nameservers}: Specifies Google's DNS servers. +\end{itemize} + +Apply the configuration: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- netplan apply +\end{lstlisting} + +Verify the network configuration: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- ip a show eth0 +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- ping 8.8.8.8 +\end{lstlisting} + +\subsection{Configuring dnsmasq} +Edit the \texttt{dnsmasq} configuration file at \texttt{/etc/dnsmasq.conf}: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf +\end{lstlisting} +Add or modify the following settings to enable DNS and DHCP: +\begin{lstlisting} +# DNS settings +domain-needed +bogus-priv +no-resolv +server=8.8.8.8 +server=8.8.4.4 +local=/example.local/ +domain=example.local + +# DHCP settings +dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.200,12h +dhcp-option=3,192.168.1.1 +dhcp-option=6,8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4 +\end{lstlisting} + +\textbf{Explanation:} +\begin{itemize} + \item \texttt{domain-needed}: Prevents incomplete domain names from being sent to upstream DNS. + \item \texttt{bogus-priv}: Blocks reverse DNS lookups for private IP ranges. + \item \texttt{no-resolv}: Disables reading \texttt{/etc/resolv.conf}. + \item \texttt{server}: Specifies upstream DNS servers (Google DNS in this case). + \item \texttt{local} and \texttt{domain}: Configures a local domain. + \item \texttt{dhcp-range}: Defines the IP range for DHCP clients (from 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.200, lease time 12 hours). + \item \texttt{dhcp-option}: Sets the default gateway (option 3) and DNS servers (option 6). +\end{itemize} + +\subsection{Starting and Enabling dnsmasq} +Restart and enable the \texttt{dnsmasq} service: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- systemctl restart dnsmasq +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- systemctl enable dnsmasq +\end{lstlisting} +Verify that \texttt{dnsmasq} is running: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- systemctl status dnsmasq +\end{lstlisting} + +\subsection{Testing the Configuration} +Test DNS resolution from within the container: +\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash] +incus exec dnsmasq-container -- nslookup example.local 192.168.1.10 +\end{lstlisting} +To test DHCP, connect a client device to the same network (via the \texttt{br0} bridge) and verify that it receives an IP address in the range \texttt{192.168.1.100--192.168.1.200}. + +\section{Troubleshooting} +If \texttt{dnsmasq} fails to start: +\begin{itemize} + \item Check the logs: \texttt{incus exec dnsmasq-container -- journalctl -u dnsmasq}. + \item Ensure no other service is using port 53 (DNS) or 67 (DHCP). + \item Verify the network configuration with \texttt{incus exec dnsmasq-container -- ip a} and \texttt{incus exec dnsmasq-container -- ping 8.8.8.8}. + \item Confirm the veth pair and bridge setup: \texttt{ip link show} on the host and \texttt{incus exec dnsmasq-container -- ip link show}. +\end{itemize} + +\section{Conclusion} +This guide configures \texttt{dnsmasq} as a DNS and DHCP server in an Incus container on Debian. The \texttt{link.py} script and Netplan configuration ensure a robust network setup with veth pairs and static IP addressing. For advanced configurations, refer to the \texttt{dnsmasq} documentation (\texttt{man dnsmasq}) and \texttt{pyroute2} documentation. + +\end{document}