odpalneie dnsmasq na fab.pl:1122 i sprawdzenie w termshark

add firewall comm
updated doc from todo
2025-05-29 11:06:17 +02:00 · 2025-05-29 09:24:49 +02:00 · 2025-05-28 07:38:39 +00:00 · 2025-05-28 07:23:40 +00:00 · 2025-05-28 07:06:44 +00:00 · 2025-05-28 06:59:44 +00:00
20 changed files with 1146 additions and 606 deletions
--- a/confs/.tmux.conf
+++ b/confs/.tmux.conf
@ -1,2 +0,0 @@
 set-option -g prefix C-a
 set -s set-clipboard on
--- a/confs/.vimrc
+++ b/confs/.vimrc
@ -1,181 +0,0 @@
 call plug#begin()
 Plug 'tpope/vim-fugitive'
 Plug 'tpope/vim-commentary'
 Plug 'preservim/nerdtree', { 'on': 'NERDTreeToggle' }
 " Plug 'neoclide/coc.nvim', {'branch': 'release'}
 Plug 'jpalardy/vim-slime'
 Plug 'ojroques/vim-oscyank', {'branch': 'main'}
 call plug#end()
 nnoremap <leader>n :NERDTreeFocus<CR>
 nnoremap <C-n> :NERDTree<CR>
 nnoremap <C-t> :NERDTreeToggle<CR>
 nnoremap <C-f> :NERDTreeFind<CR>
 set backspace=indent,eol,start
 set mouse=r
 packadd termdebug
 let g:termdebug_wide=1
 let g:termdebugger='riscv32-unknown-elf-gdb'
 " Disable compatibility with vi which can cause unexpected issues.
 set nocompatible
 " Enable type file detection. Vim will be able to try to detect the type of file in use.
 filetype on
 " Enable plugins and load plugin for the detected file type.
 filetype plugin on
 " Load an indent file for the detected file type.
 filetype indent on
 " Turn syntax highlighting on.
 syntax on
 " Add numbers to each line on the left-hand side.
 set number
 " Highlight cursor line underneath the cursor horizontally.
 set cursorline
 " Highlight cursor line underneath the cursor vertically.
 "set cursorcolumn
 " Set shift width to 4 spaces.
 set shiftwidth=4
 " Set tab width to 4 columns.
 set tabstop=4
 " Use space characters instead of tabs.
 set expandtab
 " Do not save backup files.
 set nobackup
 " Do not let cursor scroll below or above N number of lines when scrolling.
 set scrolloff=10
 " Do not wrap lines. Allow long lines to extend as far as the line goes.
 set nowrap
 " While searching though a file incrementally highlight matching characters as you type.
 set incsearch
 " Ignore capital letters during search.
 set ignorecase
 " Override the ignorecase option if searching for capital letters.
 " This will allow you to search specifically for capital letters.
 set smartcase
 " Show partial command you type in the last line of the screen.
 set showcmd
 " Show the mode you are on the last line.
 set showmode
 " Show matching words during a search.
 set showmatch
 " Use highlighting when doing a search.
 set hlsearch
 " Set the commands to save in history default number is 20.
 set history=1000
 " Enable auto completion menu after pressing TAB.
 set wildmenu
 " Make wildmenu behave like similar to Bash completion.
 set wildmode=list:longest
 " There are certain files that we would never want to edit with Vim.
 " Wildmenu will ignore files with these extensions.
 set wildignore=*.docx,*.jpg,*.png,*.gif,*.pdf,*.pyc,*.exe,*.flv,*.img,*.xlsx
 " set colorscheme OceanicNext
 if !exists("g:slime_python_ipython")
  let g:slime_python_ipython = 1
 endif
 let g:slime_target = "tmux"
 " Run cell for vim-slime
 function! SendCell(pattern)
    let start_line = search(a:pattern, 'bnW')
    if start_line
        let start_line = start_line + 1
    else
        let start_line = 1
    endif
    let stop_line = search(a:pattern, 'nW')
    if stop_line
        let stop_line = stop_line - 1
    else
        let stop_line = line('$')
    endif
    call slime#send_range(start_line, stop_line)
 endfunction
 " Custom vim-slime mappings
 let g:slime_no_mappings = 1
 xmap <c-c><c-c> <Plug>SlimeRegionSend
 nmap <c-c><c-c> :<c-u>call SendCell('^#%%')<cr>
 nmap <c-c>v     <Plug>SlimeConfig
 nmap <leader>c <Plug>OSCYankOperator
 nmap <leader>cc <leader>c_
 vmap <leader>c <Plug>OSCYankVisual
 if (!has('nvim') && !has('clipboard_working'))
    " In the event that the clipboard isn't working, it's quite likely that
    " the + and * registers will not be distinct from the unnamed register. In
    " this case, a:event.regname will always be '' (empty string). However, it
    " can be the case that `has('clipboard_working')` is false, yet `+` is
    " still distinct, so we want to check them all.
    let s:VimOSCYankPostRegisters = ['', '+', '*']
    function! s:VimOSCYankPostCallback(event)
        if a:event.operator == 'y' && index(s:VimOSCYankPostRegisters, a:event.regname) != -1
            call OSCYankRegister(a:event.regname)
        endif
    endfunction
    augroup VimOSCYankPost
        autocmd!
        autocmd TextYankPost * call s:VimOSCYankPostCallback(v:event)
    augroup END
 endif
 set tags=./tags;,tags;
 " Map Ctrl-[ to go back in the tag stack
 " Function to display filename aligned to the right
 function! ShowFileNameRight()
  let l:filename = expand('%:p')
  let l:columns = &columns
  let l:space = l:columns - len(l:filename) - 2
  let l:spaces = repeat(' ', l:space > 0 ? l:space : 0)
  echo l:spaces . l:filename
 endfunction
 " Autocommand to display filename in command area when entering command mode
 " autocmd CmdlineEnter * call ShowFileNameRight()
--- a/doc/.keep
+++ b/doc/.keep
--- a/doc/.main.tex.swo
+++ b/doc/.main.tex.swo
--- a/doc/.main.tex.swp
+++ b/doc/.main.tex.swp
--- a/doc/main.aux
+++ b/doc/main.aux
@ -1,18 +0,0 @@
 \relax 
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{1}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2}Prerequisites}{1}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3}Step-by-Step Configuration}{1}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1}Creating and Setting Up the Incus Container}{1}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.2}Installing Additional Packages}{1}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.3}Configuring Users and Permissions}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.1}Changing the Root Password}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsubsection}{\numberline {3.3.2}Adding a New User}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.4}Accessing the Container}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.5}Installing dnsmasq}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.6}Configuring the Network with Netplan}{2}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.7}Configuring dnsmasq}{3}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.8}Starting and Enabling dnsmasq}{4}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.9}Testing the Configuration}{4}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4}Troubleshooting}{4}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5}Conclusion}{4}{}\protected@file@percent }
 \gdef \@abspage@last{4}
--- a/doc/main.log
+++ b/doc/main.log
@ -1,337 +0,0 @@
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--- a/doc/main.md
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 ---
 title: Basic Configuration of dnsmasq in an Incus Container on Debian
  with Netplan
 ---
 # Introduction
 This guide provides step-by-step instructions for setting up `dnsmasq`
 as a DNS and DHCP server in an Incus container running Debian. The
 network configuration is managed using Netplan to ensure proper network
 integration.
 # Prerequisites
 Before proceeding, ensure the following:
 \- Incus is installed on the host system (`sudo apt install incus`).
 \- A Debian-based container is created in Incus.
 \- Basic knowledge of Linux networking and container management.
 \- Root or sudo access to the host and container.
 # Step-by-Step Configuration
 ## Creating and Setting Up the Incus Container
 Create a Debian container named `deb1` using the following commands on
 the host:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 incus create images:debian/12 deb1
 incus config set deb1 security.syscalls.intercept.mount true
 incus config set deb1 security.nesting true
 incus config set deb1 security.privileged true
 incus start deb1
 ```
 The `security.syscalls.intercept.mount`, `security.nesting`, and
 `security.privileged` settings are required for `dnsmasq` and Docker to
 function correctly in the container.
 ## Firewall Configuration
 To allow traffic forwarding between the `incusbr0` bridge and the `wlo1`
 wireless interface, the following iptables rules are applied:
    sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i incusbr0 -o wlo1 -j ACCEPT
    sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlo1 -o incusbr0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
 ## Installing Additional Packages
 Install the necessary packages inside the container:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 incus exec deb1 -- apt update
 incus exec deb1 -- apt install -y \
    netplan.io \
    sudo vim nano git tmux mc zip unzip curl wget htop lynx \
    iproute2 termshark bridge-utils \
    python3 python3-ipython python3-pyroute2 python3-scapy \
    docker.io docker-compose
 ```
 ## Configuring Users and Permissions
 Configure user access and permissions within the container.
 ### Changing the Root Password
 Set the root password to \"passroot\":
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 incus exec deb1 -- bash -c 'echo "root:passroot" | chpasswd'
 ```
 ### Adding a New User
 Add a new user named \"user\" with the password \"pass\" and add them to
 the \"sudo\" and \"docker\" groups:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash -G sudo user && echo 'user:pass' | sudo chpasswd
 ```
 ## Accessing the Container
 Access the container's shell:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 incus exec deb1 -- su - user 
 ```
 # Setting Up a Veth Pair Between Container and Network Namespace
 To enable direct communication between a container and a network
 namespace, a virtual Ethernet (`veth`) pair is created. The following
 Python script (`link.py`) is used to create a `veth` pair between the
 `deb1` (an Incus container) and the `ns1` network namespace, with
 interfaces named `vA` and `vB`.
    sudo python3 link.py -n1 vA -t2 incus -ns2 deb1 -n2 vB
 This command:
 \- Creates a `veth` pair with one end (`vA`) in the default namespace
 and the other end (`vB`) in the `deb1`'s network namespace.
 \- Ensures the interfaces are set up and operational, allowing network
 traffic to flow between the container and the `ns1` namespace (or
 default namespace if `ns1` is not explicitly created).
 The script uses the `pyroute2` library to manage network interfaces and
 namespaces, and supports container types such as Incus, LXC, LXD, and
 Docker. Ensure the `deb1` is running in Incus before executing the
 command.
 ## Configuring the Network with Netplan
 Configure the container's network using Netplan to assign a static IP
 address. Create or edit the Netplan configuration file at
 `/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml`:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 incus exec deb1 -- nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
 ```
 Add the following configuration:
 ``` {.yaml language="yaml"}
 network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    vB:
      dhcp4: no
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.10/24
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 192.168.1.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]
 ```
 Apply the configuration:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 incus exec deb1 -- netplan apply
 ```
 ## Installing dnsmasq
 Update the package list and install `dnsmasq`:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 incus exec deb1 -- apt update
 incus exec deb1 -- apt install dnsmasq -y
 ```
 ## Configuring dnsmasq
 Edit the `dnsmasq` configuration file at `/etc/dnsmasq.conf`:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 incus exec deb1 -- nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf
 ```
 Add or modify the following settings to enable DNS and DHCP:
    # DNS settings
    domain-needed
    bogus-priv
    no-resolv
    server=8.8.8.8
    server=8.8.4.4
    local=/example.local/
    domain=example.local
    # DHCP settings
    dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.200,12h
    dhcp-option=3,192.168.1.1
    dhcp-option=6,8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4
 **Explanation:**
 \- `domain-needed`: Prevents incomplete domain names from being sent to
 upstream DNS.
 \- `bogus-priv`: Blocks reverse DNS lookups for private IP ranges.
 \- `no-resolv`: Disables reading `/etc/resolv.conf`.
 \- `server`: Specifies upstream DNS servers (Google DNS in this case).
 \- `local` and `domain`: Configures a local domain.
 \- `dhcp-range`: Defines the IP range for DHCP clients (from
 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.200, lease time 12 hours).
 \- `dhcp-option`: Sets the default gateway (option 3) and DNS servers
 (option 6).
 ## System-Level Adjustments for Network Stability
 In some cases, especially in nested or privileged containers, additional
 system-level adjustments are necessary to ensure proper network
 functionality and avoid conflicts.
 To remount the `/sys` filesystem as read-write (required if certain
 networking tools fail due to mount restrictions):
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 sudo mount -o remount,rw /sys
 sudo systemctl restart systemd-udevd
 ```
 Additionally, to prevent DNS conflicts with `systemd-resolved`, which
 may interfere with `dnsmasq`, stop and disable the service:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 sudo systemctl stop systemd-resolved
 sudo systemctl disable systemd-resolved
 ```
 This ensures that `dnsmasq` can bind to port 53 without conflicts. If
 you require `systemd-resolved`, consider configuring it to listen on a
 different interface or using socket activation.
 ## Starting and Enabling dnsmasq
 Restart and enable the `dnsmasq` service:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 incus exec deb1 -- systemctl restart dnsmasq
 incus exec deb1 -- systemctl enable dnsmasq
 ```
 Verify that `dnsmasq` is running:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 incus exec deb1 -- systemctl status dnsmasq
 ```
 ## Testing the Configuration
 Test DNS resolution from within the container:
 ``` {.bash language="bash"}
 incus exec deb1 -- nslookup example.local 192.168.1.10
 ```
 To test DHCP, connect a client device to the same network and verify
 that it receives an IP address in the range
 `192.168.1.100–192.168.1.200`.
 # Troubleshooting
 If `dnsmasq` fails to start:
 \- Check the logs: `incus exec deb1 – journalctl -u dnsmasq`.
 \- Ensure no other service is using port 53 (DNS) or 67 (DHCP).
 \- Verify the network configuration with `incus exec deb1 – ip a` and
 `incus exec deb1 – ping 8.8.8.8`.
 # Conclusion
 This guide configures `dnsmasq` as a DNS and DHCP server in an Incus
 container on Debian. The Netplan configuration ensures proper network
 setup. For advanced configurations, refer to the `dnsmasq` documentation
 (`man dnsmasq`).
--- a/doc/main.pdf
+++ b/doc/main.pdf
--- a/doc/main.tex
+++ b/doc/main.tex
@ -44,31 +44,44 @@ This guide provides step-by-step instructions for setting up \texttt{dnsmasq} as
 \section{Prerequisites}
 Before proceeding, ensure the following:
-\begin{itemize}
+
-  \item Incus is installed on the host system (\texttt{sudo apt install incus}).
+  
-  \item A Debian-based container is created in Incus.
+- Incus is installed on the host system (\texttt{sudo apt install incus}).
-  \item Basic knowledge of Linux networking and container management.
+  
-  \item Root or sudo access to the host and container.
+- A Debian-based container is created in Incus.
-\end{itemize}
+  
 - Basic knowledge of Linux networking and container management.
 - Root or sudo access to the host and container.
 \section{Step-by-Step Configuration}
 \subsection{Creating and Setting Up the Incus Container}
-Create a Debian container named \texttt{dnsmasq-container} using the following commands on the host:
+Create a Debian container named \texttt{deb1} using the following commands on the host:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
-incus create images:debian/12 dnsmasq-container
+incus create images:debian/12 deb1
-incus config set dnsmasq-container security.syscalls.intercept.mount true
+incus config set deb1 security.syscalls.intercept.mount true
-incus config set dnsmasq-container security.nesting true
+incus config set deb1 security.nesting true
-incus config set dnsmasq-container security.privileged true
+incus config set deb1 security.privileged true
-incus start dnsmasq-container
+incus start deb1
 \end{lstlisting}
 The \texttt{security.syscalls.intercept.mount}, \texttt{security.nesting}, and \texttt{security.privileged} settings are required for \texttt{dnsmasq} and Docker to function correctly in the container.
 \subsection{Firewall Configuration}
 To allow traffic forwarding between the \texttt{incusbr0} bridge and the \texttt{wlo1} wireless interface, the following iptables rules are applied:
 \begin{lstlisting}
 sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i incusbr0 -o wlo1 -j ACCEPT
 sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlo1 -o incusbr0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
 sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
 \end{lstlistingi}
 \subsection{Installing Additional Packages}
 Install the necessary packages inside the container:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- apt update
+incus exec deb1 -- apt update
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- apt install -y \
+incus exec deb1 -- apt install -y \
    netplan.io \
    sudo vim nano git tmux mc zip unzip curl wget htop lynx \
    iproute2 termshark bridge-utils \
@ -82,56 +95,49 @@ Configure user access and permissions within the container.
 \subsubsection{Changing the Root Password}
 Set the root password to "passroot":
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- bash -c 'echo "root:passroot" | chpasswd'
+incus exec deb1 -- bash -c 'echo "root:passroot" | chpasswd'
 \end{lstlisting}
 \subsubsection{Adding a New User}
 Add a new user named "user" with the password "pass" and add them to the "sudo" and "docker" groups:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- useradd -m -s /bin/bash user
+sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash -G sudo user && echo 'user:pass' | sudo chpasswd
 incus exec dnsmasq-container -- bash -c 'echo "user:pass" | chpasswd'
 incus exec dnsmasq-container -- usermod -aG sudo user
 incus exec dnsmasq-container -- usermod -aG docker user
 \end{lstlisting}
 After creating the user, you can also transfer configuration files such as \texttt{.tmux.conf} and \texttt{.vimrc} from your local machine to the home directory of the newly created user inside the container:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus file push .tmux.conf dnsmasq-container/home/user/
 incus file push .vimrc dnsmasq-container/home/user/
 \end{lstlisting}
 To enhance the functionality of Vim, it's recommended to install a plugin manager such as \texttt{vim-plug}. This can be done by downloading the plugin manager directly into the user's Vim configuration directory using the following command:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 curl -fLo ~/.vim/autoload/plug.vim --create-dirs \\
    https://raw.githubusercontent.com/junegunn/vim-plug/master/plug.vim
 \end{lstlisting}
 \subsection{Accessing the Container}
 Access the container's shell:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- bash
+incus exec deb1 -- su - user 
 \end{lstlisting}
-\subsection{Installing dnsmasq}
+\section{Setting Up a Veth Pair Between Container and Network Namespace}
-Update the package list and install \texttt{dnsmasq}:
+To enable direct communication between a container and a network namespace, a virtual Ethernet (\texttt{veth}) pair is created. The following Python script (\texttt{link.py}) is used to create a \texttt{veth} pair between the \texttt{deb1} (an Incus container) and the \texttt{ns1} network namespace, with interfaces named \texttt{vA} and \texttt{vB}.
-\begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
+
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- apt update
+\begin{lstlisting}
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- apt install dnsmasq -y
+sudo python3 link.py -n1 vA -t2 incus -ns2 deb1 -n2 vB
 \end{lstlisting}
 This command:
 - Creates a \texttt{veth} pair with one end (\texttt{vA}) in the default namespace and the other end (\texttt{vB}) in the \texttt{deb1}'s network namespace.
 - Ensures the interfaces are set up and operational, allowing network traffic to flow between the container and the \texttt{ns1} namespace (or default namespace if \texttt{ns1} is not explicitly created).
 The script uses the \texttt{pyroute2} library to manage network interfaces and namespaces, and supports container types such as Incus, LXC, LXD, and Docker. Ensure the \texttt{deb1} is running in Incus before executing the command.
 \subsection{Configuring the Network with Netplan}
 Configure the container's network using Netplan to assign a static IP address. Create or edit the Netplan configuration file at \texttt{/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml}:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
+incus exec deb1 -- nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
 \end{lstlisting}
 Add the following configuration:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=yaml]
 network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
-    eth0:
+    vB:
      dhcp4: no
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.10/24
@ -143,15 +149,23 @@ network:
 \end{lstlisting}
 Apply the configuration:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- netplan apply
+incus exec deb1 -- netplan apply
 \end{lstlisting}
 \subsection{Installing dnsmasq}
 Update the package list and install \texttt{dnsmasq}:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus exec deb1 -- apt update
 incus exec deb1 -- apt install dnsmasq -y
 \end{lstlisting}
 \subsection{Configuring dnsmasq}
 Edit the \texttt{dnsmasq} configuration file at \texttt{/etc/dnsmasq.conf}:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf
+incus exec deb1 -- nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf
 \end{lstlisting}
 Add or modify the following settings to enable DNS and DHCP:
 \begin{lstlisting}
 # DNS settings
 domain-needed
@ -165,45 +179,80 @@ domain=example.local
 # DHCP settings
 dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.200,12h
 dhcp-option=3,192.168.1.1
-dhcp-option=6,8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4
+
 # Opcja DHCP numer 6 (dhcp-option=6) służy do ustawiania adresu serwera DNS dla klientów DHCP
 dhcp-option=6,192.168.1.10
 \end{lstlisting}
 \textbf{Explanation:}
-\begin{itemize}
+
-  \item \texttt{domain-needed}: Prevents incomplete domain names from being sent to upstream DNS.
+  
-  \item \texttt{bogus-priv}: Blocks reverse DNS lookups for private IP ranges.
+- \texttt{domain-needed}: Prevents incomplete domain names from being sent to upstream DNS.
-  \item \texttt{no-resolv}: Disables reading \texttt{/etc/resolv.conf}.
+  
-  \item \texttt{server}: Specifies upstream DNS servers (Google DNS in this case).
+- \texttt{bogus-priv}: Blocks reverse DNS lookups for private IP ranges.
-  \item \texttt{local} and \texttt{domain}: Configures a local domain.
+  
-  \item \texttt{dhcp-range}: Defines the IP range for DHCP clients (from 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.200, lease time 12 hours).
+- \texttt{no-resolv}: Disables reading \texttt{/etc/resolv.conf}.
-  \item \texttt{dhcp-option}: Sets the default gateway (option 3) and DNS servers (option 6).
+  
-\end{itemize}
+- \texttt{server}: Specifies upstream DNS servers (Google DNS in this case).
 - \texttt{local} and \texttt{domain}: Configures a local domain.
 - \texttt{dhcp-range}: Defines the IP range for DHCP clients (from 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.200, lease time 12 hours).
 - \texttt{dhcp-option}: Sets the default gateway (option 3) and DNS servers (option 6).
 % ————————————————————————————————
 % 🔧 NOWA SEKCJA: System-Level Adjustments
 % ————————————————————————————————
 \subsection{System-Level Adjustments for Network Stability}
 In some cases, especially in nested or privileged containers, additional system-level adjustments are necessary to ensure proper network functionality and avoid conflicts.
 To remount the \texttt{/sys} filesystem as read-write (required if certain networking tools fail due to mount restrictions):
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 sudo mount -o remount,rw /sys
 sudo systemctl restart systemd-udevd
 \end{lstlisting}
 Additionally, to prevent DNS conflicts with \texttt{systemd-resolved}, which may interfere with \texttt{dnsmasq}, stop and disable the service:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 sudo systemctl stop systemd-resolved
 sudo systemctl disable systemd-resolved
 \end{lstlisting}
 This ensures that \texttt{dnsmasq} can bind to port 53 without conflicts. If you require \texttt{systemd-resolved}, consider configuring it to listen on a different interface or using socket activation.
 % ————————————————————————————————
 \subsection{Starting and Enabling dnsmasq}
 Restart and enable the \texttt{dnsmasq} service:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- systemctl restart dnsmasq
+incus exec deb1 -- systemctl restart dnsmasq
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- systemctl enable dnsmasq
+incus exec deb1 -- systemctl enable dnsmasq
 \end{lstlisting}
 Verify that \texttt{dnsmasq} is running:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- systemctl status dnsmasq
+incus exec deb1 -- systemctl status dnsmasq
 \end{lstlisting}
 \subsection{Testing the Configuration}
 Test DNS resolution from within the container:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
-incus exec dnsmasq-container -- nslookup example.local 192.168.1.10
+incus exec deb1 -- nslookup example.local 192.168.1.10
 \end{lstlisting}
 To test DHCP, connect a client device to the same network and verify that it receives an IP address in the range \texttt{192.168.1.100--192.168.1.200}.
 \section{Troubleshooting}
 If \texttt{dnsmasq} fails to start:
-\begin{itemize}
+
-  \item Check the logs: \texttt{incus exec dnsmasq-container -- journalctl -u dnsmasq}.
+  
-  \item Ensure no other service is using port 53 (DNS) or 67 (DHCP).
+- Check the logs: \texttt{incus exec deb1 -- journalctl -u dnsmasq}.
-  \item Verify the network configuration with \texttt{incus exec dnsmasq-container -- ip a} and \texttt{incus exec dnsmasq-container -- ping 8.8.8.8}.
+  
-\end{itemize}
+- Ensure no other service is using port 53 (DNS) or 67 (DHCP).
 - Verify the network configuration with \texttt{incus exec deb1 -- ip a} and \texttt{incus exec deb1 -- ping 8.8.8.8}.
 \section{Conclusion}
 This guide configures \texttt{dnsmasq} as a DNS and DHCP server in an Incus container on Debian. The Netplan configuration ensures proper network setup. For advanced configurations, refer to the \texttt{dnsmasq} documentation (\texttt{man dnsmasq}).
--- a/doc/~
+++ b/doc/~
@ -0,0 +1,257 @@
 \documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}
 \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
 \usepackage[T1]{fontenc}
 \usepackage{lmodern}
 \usepackage{geometry}
 \geometry{margin=1in}
 \usepackage{listings}
 \usepackage{xcolor}
 \usepackage{parskip}
 \lstset{
  basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,
  breaklines=true,
  frame=single,
  numbers=left,
  numberstyle=\tiny,
  keywordstyle=\color{blue},
  commentstyle=\color{gray},
  stringstyle=\color{red}
 }
 % Define YAML language for listings
 \lstdefinelanguage{yaml}{
  keywords={true,false,null,yaml,network,version,ethernets,dhcp4,addresses,routes,to,via,nameservers},
  keywordstyle=\color{blue}\bfseries,
  basicstyle=\ttfamily\small,
  sensitive=false,
  comment=[l]{\#},
  commentstyle=\color{gray}\itshape,
  stringstyle=\color{red},
  morestring=[b]{"},
  morestring=[b]{'}
 }
 \begin{document}
 \title{Basic Configuration of dnsmasq in an Incus Container on Debian with Netplan}
 \author{}
 \date{}
 \maketitle
 \section{Introduction}
 This guide provides step-by-step instructions for setting up \texttt{dnsmasq} as a DNS and DHCP server in an Incus container running Debian. The network configuration is managed using Netplan to ensure proper network integration.
 \section{Prerequisites}
 Before proceeding, ensure the following:
 - Incus is installed on the host system (\texttt{sudo apt install incus}).
 - A Debian-based container is created in Incus.
 - Basic knowledge of Linux networking and container management.
 - Root or sudo access to the host and container.
 \section{Step-by-Step Configuration}
 \subsection{Creating and Setting Up the Incus Container}
 Create a Debian container named \texttt{deb1} using the following commands on the host:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus create images:debian/12 deb1
 incus config set deb1 security.syscalls.intercept.mount true
 incus config set deb1 security.nesting true
 incus config set deb1 security.privileged true
 incus start deb1
 \end{lstlisting}
 The \texttt{security.syscalls.intercept.mount}, \texttt{security.nesting}, and \texttt{security.privileged} settings are required for \texttt{dnsmasq} and Docker to function correctly in the container.
 \subsection{Firewall Configuration}
 To allow traffic forwarding between the \texttt{incusbr0} bridge and the \texttt{wlo1} wireless interface, the following iptables rules are applied:
 \begin{lstlisting}
 sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i incusbr0 -o wlo1 -j ACCEPT
 sudo iptables -A FORWARD -i wlo1 -o incusbr0 -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
 sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
 \end{lstlistingi}
 \subsection{Installing Additional Packages}
 Install the necessary packages inside the container:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus exec deb1 -- apt update
 incus exec deb1 -- apt install -y \
    netplan.io \
    sudo vim nano git tmux mc zip unzip curl wget htop lynx \
    iproute2 termshark bridge-utils \
    python3 python3-ipython python3-pyroute2 python3-scapy \
    docker.io docker-compose
 \end{lstlisting}
 \subsection{Configuring Users and Permissions}
 Configure user access and permissions within the container.
 \subsubsection{Changing the Root Password}
 Set the root password to "passroot":
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus exec deb1 -- bash -c 'echo "root:passroot" | chpasswd'
 \end{lstlisting}
 \subsubsection{Adding a New User}
 Add a new user named "user" with the password "pass" and add them to the "sudo" and "docker" groups:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash -G sudo user && echo 'user:pass' | sudo chpasswd
 \end{lstlisting}
 \subsection{Accessing the Container}
 Access the container's shell:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus exec deb1 -- su - user 
 \end{lstlisting}
 \section{Setting Up a Veth Pair Between Container and Network Namespace}
 To enable direct communication between a container and a network namespace, a virtual Ethernet (\texttt{veth}) pair is created. The following Python script (\texttt{link.py}) is used to create a \texttt{veth} pair between the \texttt{deb1} (an Incus container) and the \texttt{ns1} network namespace, with interfaces named \texttt{vA} and \texttt{vB}.
 \begin{lstlisting}
 sudo python3 link.py -n1 vA -t2 incus -ns2 deb1 -n2 vB
 \end{lstlisting}
 This command:
 - Creates a \texttt{veth} pair with one end (\texttt{vA}) in the default namespace and the other end (\texttt{vB}) in the \texttt{deb1}'s network namespace.
 - Ensures the interfaces are set up and operational, allowing network traffic to flow between the container and the \texttt{ns1} namespace (or default namespace if \texttt{ns1} is not explicitly created).
 The script uses the \texttt{pyroute2} library to manage network interfaces and namespaces, and supports container types such as Incus, LXC, LXD, and Docker. Ensure the \texttt{deb1} is running in Incus before executing the command.
 \subsection{Configuring the Network with Netplan}
 Configure the container's network using Netplan to assign a static IP address. Create or edit the Netplan configuration file at \texttt{/etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml}:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus exec deb1 -- nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
 \end{lstlisting}
 Add the following configuration:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=yaml]
 network:
  version: 2
  ethernets:
    vB:
      dhcp4: no
      addresses:
        - 192.168.1.10/24
      routes:
        - to: default
          via: 192.168.1.1
      nameservers:
        addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]
 \end{lstlisting}
 Apply the configuration:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus exec deb1 -- netplan apply
 \end{lstlisting}
 \subsection{Installing dnsmasq}
 Update the package list and install \texttt{dnsmasq}:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus exec deb1 -- apt update
 incus exec deb1 -- apt install dnsmasq -y
 \end{lstlisting}
 \subsection{Configuring dnsmasq}
 Edit the \texttt{dnsmasq} configuration file at \texttt{/etc/dnsmasq.conf}:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus exec deb1 -- nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf
 \end{lstlisting}
 Add or modify the following settings to enable DNS and DHCP:
 \begin{lstlisting}
 # DNS settings
 domain-needed
 bogus-priv
 no-resolv
 server=8.8.8.8
 server=8.8.4.4
 local=/example.local/
 domain=example.local
 # DHCP settings
 dhcp-range=192.168.1.100,192.168.1.200,12h
 dhcp-option=3,192.168.1.1
 dhcp-option=6,8.8.8.8,8.8.4.4
 \end{lstlisting}
 \textbf{Explanation:}
 - \texttt{domain-needed}: Prevents incomplete domain names from being sent to upstream DNS.
 - \texttt{bogus-priv}: Blocks reverse DNS lookups for private IP ranges.
 - \texttt{no-resolv}: Disables reading \texttt{/etc/resolv.conf}.
 - \texttt{server}: Specifies upstream DNS servers (Google DNS in this case).
 - \texttt{local} and \texttt{domain}: Configures a local domain.
 - \texttt{dhcp-range}: Defines the IP range for DHCP clients (from 192.168.1.100 to 192.168.1.200, lease time 12 hours).
 - \texttt{dhcp-option}: Sets the default gateway (option 3) and DNS servers (option 6).
 % ————————————————————————————————
 % 🔧 NOWA SEKCJA: System-Level Adjustments
 % ————————————————————————————————
 \subsection{System-Level Adjustments for Network Stability}
 In some cases, especially in nested or privileged containers, additional system-level adjustments are necessary to ensure proper network functionality and avoid conflicts.
 To remount the \texttt{/sys} filesystem as read-write (required if certain networking tools fail due to mount restrictions):
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 sudo mount -o remount,rw /sys
 sudo systemctl restart systemd-udevd
 \end{lstlisting}
 Additionally, to prevent DNS conflicts with \texttt{systemd-resolved}, which may interfere with \texttt{dnsmasq}, stop and disable the service:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 sudo systemctl stop systemd-resolved
 sudo systemctl disable systemd-resolved
 \end{lstlisting}
 This ensures that \texttt{dnsmasq} can bind to port 53 without conflicts. If you require \texttt{systemd-resolved}, consider configuring it to listen on a different interface or using socket activation.
 % ————————————————————————————————
 \subsection{Starting and Enabling dnsmasq}
 Restart and enable the \texttt{dnsmasq} service:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus exec deb1 -- systemctl restart dnsmasq
 incus exec deb1 -- systemctl enable dnsmasq
 \end{lstlisting}
 Verify that \texttt{dnsmasq} is running:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus exec deb1 -- systemctl status dnsmasq
 \end{lstlisting}
 \subsection{Testing the Configuration}
 Test DNS resolution from within the container:
 \begin{lstlisting}[language=bash]
 incus exec deb1 -- nslookup example.local 192.168.1.10
 \end{lstlisting}
 To test DHCP, connect a client device to the same network and verify that it receives an IP address in the range \texttt{192.168.1.100--192.168.1.200}.
 \section{Troubleshooting}
 If \texttt{dnsmasq} fails to start:
 - Check the logs: \texttt{incus exec deb1 -- journalctl -u dnsmasq}.
 - Ensure no other service is using port 53 (DNS) or 67 (DHCP).
 - Verify the network configuration with \texttt{incus exec deb1 -- ip a} and \texttt{incus exec deb1 -- ping 8.8.8.8}.
 \section{Conclusion}
 This guide configures \texttt{dnsmasq} as a DNS and DHCP server in an Incus container on Debian. The Netplan configuration ensures proper network setup. For advanced configurations, refer to the \texttt{dnsmasq} documentation (\texttt{man dnsmasq}).
 \end{document}
--- a/py/.keep
+++ b/py/.keep
--- a/py/link.py
+++ b/py/link.py
@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
 import argparse
 import os
 import subprocess
 import sys
 from pyroute2 import IPRoute, NetNS
 class NetworkNamespaceManager:
    """
    Provides functionalities to manage network namespaces.
    Network namespaces partition network resources such as network links,
    IP addresses, and port numbers into disjoint sets.
    """
    @staticmethod
    def list_netns():
        """
        List all available network namespaces.
        Scans the '/var/run/netns' directory and prints out all 
        the network namespace files present. If no namespaces are found, it 
        prints a message indicating that.
        """
        netns_dir = "/var/run/netns"
        try:
            netns_files = os.listdir(netns_dir)
            if netns_files:
                print("List of available network namespaces:")
                for netns_file in netns_files:
                    print(f"- {netns_file}")
            else:
                print("No network namespaces found.")
        except OSError as e:
            print(f"Error listing network namespaces: {e}")
 class ContainerNetnsExposer:
    """
    Responsible for exposing network namespaces of containers.
    Supports Docker, LXC, LXD, and Incus containers, allowing the user to interact 
    with their network namespaces.
    """
    def __init__(self):
        """
        Initializes the ContainerNetnsExposer instance.
        """
        self.netns_pid = None
        self.netns_path = None
    def expose_container_netns(self, container_id_or_name, container_type='docker'):
        """
        Expose the network namespace of a specified container.
        Parameters:
            container_id_or_name (str): The identifier or name of the container.
            container_type (str): The type of the container ('docker', 'lxc', 'lxd', or 'incus').
        Returns:
            str: The PID of the container as a string.
        Raises:
            SystemExit: If the container type is unsupported or if there is an error 
            in retrieving the container's PID.
        """
        if container_type == 'docker':
            self.get_docker_container_pid(container_id_or_name)
        elif container_type in ('lxc', 'lxd', 'incus'):
            self.get_lxc_container_pid(container_id_or_name, container_type)
        else:
            print("Unsupported container type. Only 'docker', 'lxc', 'lxd', and 'incus' are supported.")
            sys.exit(1)
        self.create_netns_directory()
        self.create_or_remove_netns_symlink()
        return str(self.netns_pid)
    def get_docker_container_pid(self, container_id_or_name):
        """
        Retrieve the PID of a Docker container.
        Parameters:
            container_id_or_name (str): The identifier or name of the Docker container.
        Raises:
            SystemExit: If there is an error in retrieving the Docker container's PID.
        """
        try:
            self.netns_pid = subprocess.check_output(
                ["sudo", "docker", "inspect", "-f", "{{.State.Pid}}", container_id_or_name],
                universal_newlines=True
            ).strip()
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
            print("Error retrieving Docker container PID. Make sure the container exists and is running.")
            sys.exit(1)
    def get_lxc_container_pid(self, container_name, container_type='lxc'):
        """
        Retrieve the PID of an LXC, LXD, or Incus container.
        Parameters:
            container_name (str): The name of the container.
            container_type (str): The type of the container ('lxc', 'lxd', or 'incus').
        Raises:
            SystemExit: If there is an error in retrieving the container's PID.
        """
        try:
            if container_type == 'lxc':
                output = subprocess.check_output(
                    ["lxc-info", "-n", container_name, "-p"],
                    universal_newlines=True
                )
                self.netns_pid = output.strip().split()[-1]
            elif container_type == 'lxd':
                output = subprocess.check_output(
                    ["sudo", "lxc", "info", container_name],
                    universal_newlines=True
                )
                for line in output.splitlines():
                    if line.strip().startswith("PID:"):
                        self.netns_pid = line.split(':')[1].strip()
                        break
                else:
                    print(f"PID not found in 'lxc info' output for container '{container_name}'.")
                    sys.exit(1)
            elif container_type == 'incus':
                output = subprocess.check_output(
                    ["sudo", "incus", "info", container_name],
                    universal_newlines=True
                )
                for line in output.splitlines():
                    if line.strip().startswith("PID:"):
                        self.netns_pid = line.split(':')[1].strip()
                        break
                else:
                    print(f"PID not found in 'incus info' output for container '{container_name}'.")
                    sys.exit(1)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            print(f"Error retrieving {container_type.upper()} container PID for '{container_name}'. Error: {e}")
            sys.exit(1)
    def create_netns_directory(self):
        """
        Create the network namespace directory if it does not exist.
        Ensures that the directory '/var/run/netns' exists, which is used
        to store network namespace symlinks.
        """
        try:
            subprocess.run(["sudo", "mkdir", "-p", "/var/run/netns"], check=True)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            print(f"Error creating network namespace directory: {e.stderr.strip()}")
            sys.exit(1)
    def create_or_remove_netns_symlink(self):
        """
        Create or remove a symlink to the network namespace of a container.
        Sets up a symlink in '/var/run/netns', pointing to the network namespace 
        of the container identified by its PID. If a symlink with the same name 
        already exists, it is removed before creating a new one.
        """
        self.netns_path = f"/var/run/netns/{self.netns_pid}"
        try:
            if os.path.exists(self.netns_path):
                subprocess.run(["sudo", "rm", "-rf", self.netns_path], check=True)
            subprocess.run(["sudo", "ln", "-s", f"/proc/{self.netns_pid}/ns/net", self.netns_path], check=True)
        except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
            print(f"Error creating or removing symlink: {e}")
            sys.exit(1)
 class IfaceManager:
    """
    Manages network interfaces, including creation, deletion, and configuration
    of veth pairs, VLANs, and bridges.
    """
    def delete(self, iface_name, namespace=None):
        """
        Delete a network interface.
        Parameters:
            iface_name (str): The name of the interface to delete.
            namespace (str, optional): The network namespace where the interface exists.
        Raises:
            Exception: If the interface cannot be deleted.
        """
        try:
            if namespace:
                context_manager = NetNS(namespace)
            else:
                context_manager = IPRoute()
            with context_manager as ns:
                iface_idx_list = ns.link_lookup(ifname=iface_name)
                if not iface_idx_list:
                    raise ValueError(f"Interface {iface_name} not found.")
                iface_idx = iface_idx_list[0]
                ns.link('del', index=iface_idx)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error deleting interface {iface_name} in namespace {namespace}: {e}")
    def create_veth(self, iface1, iface2, namespace=None):
        """
        Create a veth pair.
        Parameters:
            iface1 (str): The name of the first interface.
            iface2 (str): The name of the second interface.
            namespace (str, optional): The network namespace where to create the veth pair.
        Raises:
            Exception: If the veth pair cannot be created.
        """
        try:
            if namespace:
                context_manager = NetNS(namespace)
            else:
                context_manager = IPRoute()
            with context_manager as ns:
                ns.link('add', ifname=iface1, peer={'ifname': iface2}, kind='veth')
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error creating veth pair {iface1} and {iface2}: {e}")
    def create_vlan(self, base_iface, vlan_id, namespace=None):
        """
        Create a VLAN interface.
        Parameters:
            base_iface (str): The base interface name.
            vlan_id (int): The VLAN ID.
            namespace (str, optional): The network namespace where to create the VLAN interface.
        Raises:
            Exception: If the VLAN interface cannot be created.
        """
        try:
            if namespace:
                context_manager = NetNS(namespace)
            else:
                context_manager = IPRoute()
            with context_manager as ns:
                base_iface_idx_list = ns.link_lookup(ifname=base_iface)
                if not base_iface_idx_list:
                    raise ValueError(f"Base interface {base_iface} not found.")
                base_iface_idx = base_iface_idx_list[0]
                vlan_iface = f"{base_iface}.{vlan_id}"
                ns.link('add', ifname=vlan_iface, link=base_iface_idx, kind='vlan', vlan_info={'id': vlan_id})
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error creating VLAN on interface {base_iface}: {e}")
    def create_bridge(self, bridge_name, namespace=None):
        """
        Create a bridge interface.
        Parameters:
            bridge_name (str): The name of the bridge.
            namespace (str, optional): The network namespace where to create the bridge.
        Raises:
            Exception: If the bridge cannot be created.
        """
        try:
            if namespace:
                context_manager = NetNS(namespace)
            else:
                context_manager = IPRoute()
            with context_manager as ns:
                ns.link('add', ifname=bridge_name, kind='bridge')
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error creating bridge {bridge_name}: {e}")
    def move(self, iface, namespace):
        """
        Move a network interface to another namespace.
        Parameters:
            iface (str): The interface name to move.
            namespace (str): The target network namespace.
        Raises:
            Exception: If the interface cannot be moved.
        """
        try:
            ipr = IPRoute()
            idx_list = ipr.link_lookup(ifname=iface)
            if not idx_list:
                raise ValueError(f"Interface {iface} not found.")
            idx = idx_list[0]
            ipr.link('set', index=idx, net_ns_fd=namespace)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error moving interface {iface} to namespace {namespace}: {e}")
    def set_interface_up(self, iface_name, namespace=None):
        """
        Set a network interface up.
        Parameters:
            iface_name (str): The name of the interface.
            namespace (str, optional): The network namespace where the interface exists.
        Raises:
            Exception: If the interface cannot be set up.
        """
        try:
            if namespace:
                context_manager = NetNS(namespace)
            else:
                context_manager = IPRoute()
            with context_manager as ns:
                iface_idx_list = ns.link_lookup(ifname=iface_name)
                if not iface_idx_list:
                    raise ValueError(f"Interface {iface_name} not found.")
                iface_idx = iface_idx_list[0]
                ns.link("set", index=iface_idx, state="up")
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error setting up interface {iface_name} in namespace {namespace}: {e}")
    def attach_to_bridge(self, iface_name, bridge_name, namespace=None):
        """
        Attach an interface to a bridge.
        Parameters:
            iface_name (str): The name of the interface.
            bridge_name (str): The name of the bridge.
            namespace (str, optional): The network namespace where the interface and bridge exist.
        Raises:
            Exception: If the interface cannot be attached to the bridge.
        """
        try:
            if namespace:
                context_manager = NetNS(namespace)
            else:
                context_manager = IPRoute()
            with context_manager as ns:
                iface_idx_list = ns.link_lookup(ifname=iface_name)
                if not iface_idx_list:
                    raise ValueError(f"Interface {iface_name} not found.")
                iface_idx = iface_idx_list[0]
                bridge_idx_list = ns.link_lookup(ifname=bridge_name)
                if not bridge_idx_list:
                    raise ValueError(f"Bridge {bridge_name} not found.")
                bridge_idx = bridge_idx_list[0]
                ns.link("set", index=iface_idx, master=bridge_idx)
        except Exception as e:
            print(f"Error attaching interface {iface_name} to bridge {bridge_name} in namespace {namespace}: {e}")
 def interpret_namespace(namespace_arg):
    """
    Interpret the namespace argument.
    If the argument is '1', converts it to None (representing the default namespace),
    otherwise returns the argument as is.
    Parameters:
        namespace_arg (str): The namespace argument.
    Returns:
        str or None: The interpreted namespace.
    """
    return None if namespace_arg == '1' else namespace_arg
 def main():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Create veth pairs between containers with optional bridge attachment.")
    parser.add_argument("-ns1", "--namespace1", default=None, help="Name of the first namespace or container, or '1' for the default namespace.")
    parser.add_argument("-ns2", "--namespace2", default=None, help="Name of the second namespace or container, or '1' for the default namespace.")
    parser.add_argument("-n1", "--name1", required=True, help="Name of the first veth interface.")
    parser.add_argument("-n2", "--name2", required=True, help="Name of the second veth interface.")
    parser.add_argument("-b1", "--bridge1", default=None, help="Name of the network bridge for ns1.")
    parser.add_argument("-b2", "--bridge2", default=None, help="Name of the network bridge for ns2.")
    parser.add_argument("-t1", "--type1", default=None, help="Container type for ns1 ('docker', 'lxc', 'lxd', 'incus', or 'None' for the default namespace).")
    parser.add_argument("-t2", "--type2", default=None, help="Container type for ns2 ('docker', 'lxc', 'lxd', 'incus', or 'None' for the default namespace).")
    args = parser.parse_args()
    # Processing namespace arguments and container types
    ns1, type1 = interpret_namespace(args.namespace1), args.type1
    ns2, type2 = interpret_namespace(args.namespace2), args.type2
    # Instantiate management classes
    iface_manager = IfaceManager()
    container_exposer = ContainerNetnsExposer()
    # Expose container network namespaces if applicable
    if type1 and ns1:
        ns1_pid = container_exposer.expose_container_netns(ns1, type1)
        ns1 = ns1_pid
    if type2 and ns2:
        ns2_pid = container_exposer.expose_container_netns(ns2, type2)
        ns2 = ns2_pid
    # Create veth pair
    iface_manager.create_veth(args.name1, args.name2)
    # Move ends of the veth pair to appropriate namespaces if required
    if ns1:
        iface_manager.move(args.name1, ns1)
    if ns2:
        iface_manager.move(args.name2, ns2)
    # Optional: Attach to network bridge and bring interfaces up
    if args.bridge1 and args.name1:
        iface_manager.attach_to_bridge(args.name1, args.bridge1, ns1)
        iface_manager.set_interface_up(args.name1, ns1)
    if args.bridge2 and args.name2:
        iface_manager.attach_to_bridge(args.name2, args.bridge2, ns2)
        iface_manager.set_interface_up(args.name2, ns2)
    # Bring up interfaces if not already up
    if not args.bridge1 and args.name1:
        iface_manager.set_interface_up(args.name1, ns1)
    if not args.bridge2 and args.name2:
        iface_manager.set_interface_up(args.name2, ns2)
 if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()
--- a/scripts/.keep
+++ b/scripts/.keep
--- a/scripts/incus_script_1.sh
+++ b/scripts/incus_script_1.sh
@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
-incus create images:debian/12 dnsmasq-container
+incus create images:debian/12 deb1
-incus config set dnsmasq-container security.syscalls.intercept.mount true
+incus config set deb1 security.syscalls.intercept.mount true
-incus config set dnsmasq-container security.nesting true
+incus config set deb1 security.nesting true
-incus config set dnsmasq-container security.privileged true
+incus config set deb1 security.privileged true
-incus start dnsmasq-container
+incus start deb1
--- a/scripts/incus_scripts_ALLinONE.sh
+++ b/scripts/incus_scripts_ALLinONE.sh
@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
 #!/bin/bash
 # Restart usługi dnsmasq w kontenerze
 incus exec deb1 -- systemctl restart dnsmasq
 # Włącz automatyczne uruchamianie dnsmasq przy starcie
 incus exec deb1 -- systemctl enable dnsmasq
 # Sprawdź status usługi dnsmasq
 incus exec deb1 -- systemctl status dnsmasq
 # Test DNS — nslookup
 incus exec deb1 -- nslookup example.local 192.168.1.10
 # Utwórz nowy kontener deb1 z obrazu Debian 12
 incus create images:debian/12 deb1
 # Konfiguracja bezpieczeństwa dla kontenera deb1
 incus config set deb1 security.syscalls.intercept.mount true
 incus config set deb1 security.nesting true
 incus config set deb1 security.privileged true
 # Uruchom kontener deb1
 incus start deb1
 # Aktualizacja pakietów w kontenerze deb1
 incus exec deb1 -- apt update
 # Instalacja potrzebnych pakietów
 incus exec deb1 -- apt install -y \
    netplan.io \
    sudo vim nano git tmux mc zip unzip curl wget htop lynx \
    iproute2 termshark bridge-utils \
    python3 python3-ipython python3-pyroute2 python3-scapy \
    docker.io docker-compose
 # Ustaw hasło root
 incus exec deb1 -- bash -c 'echo "root:passroot" | chpasswd'
 # Dodaj użytkownika "user" z hasłem "pass" i  grupą "sudo" i " docker"   (opcja dla wewnątrz kontenera i z ns1
 # Wariant ns1
 sudo incus exec deb1 -- su - sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash -G sudo,docker user && echo 'user:pass' | sudo chpasswd
 # Wariant inside container
 sudo useradd -m -s /bin/bash -G sudo,docker user && echo 'user:pass' | sudo chpasswd
 # Wejście do powłoki bash w kontenerze (opcjonalne)
 incus exec deb1 -- bash -c "echo 'Wchodzimy do bash...'; exec bash"
 # Aktualizacja pakietów ponownie
 incus exec deb1 -- apt update
 # Instalacja dnsmasq
 incus exec deb1 -- apt install dnsmasq -y
 # Edycja konfiguracji Netplan
 incus exec deb1 -- nano /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml
 # Zastosowanie zmian konfiguracji sieciowej
 incus exec deb1 -- netplan apply
 # Edycja konfiguracji dnsmasq.conf
 incus exec deb1 -- nano /etc/dnsmasq.conf
 echo "Skrypt zakończony."
 #made by mbiast and babcia (siah)
--- a/todo/.better_aproach.txt.swp
+++ b/todo/.better_aproach.txt.swp
--- a/todo/better_aproach.txt
+++ b/todo/better_aproach.txt
@ -0,0 +1 @@
 allign czy konf container from inside /outside side`
--- a/todo/firewall.txt
+++ b/todo/firewall.txt
@ -0,0 +1 @@
 sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
--- a/token.txt
+++ b/token.txt
@ -1 +1 @@
-t8:37b0111174ee4067a3c1c27dace2f4874d3f0860
+da086cb72f6790bee9fc30d03577587f44afbb7f
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Twoje Imię Nazwisko	52ba26ea0a	odpalneie dnsmasq na fab.pl:1122 i sprawdzenie w termshark	2025-05-29 11:06:17 +02:00
Twoje Imię Nazwisko	65ade41bd8	add firewall comm	2025-05-29 09:24:49 +02:00
bmiast	7e1eb4f96e	updated doc from todo	2025-05-28 07:38:39 +00:00
bmiast	e12ee33245	Added file ALLinONE.sh, all scripts in one file, and updated doc	2025-05-28 07:23:40 +00:00
bmiast	66864909de	changed dnsmasq-container -> deb1	2025-05-28 07:06:44 +00:00
bmiast	8bbeb35459	faster user adding + md file, bmiast + siah	2025-05-28 06:59:44 +00:00
Twoje Imię Nazwisko	c9da328783	dnsmasq run ok	2025-05-22 10:33:38 +02:00
Twoje Imię Nazwisko	9e8db987c5	added: veth ns1<->dnsmasq-container	2025-05-22 10:23:22 +02:00
Twoje Imię Nazwisko	ba33230ebe	added: link.py	2025-05-22 10:18:05 +02:00
Twoje Imię Nazwisko	c31c8aa5c0	added iptables rules	2025-05-22 09:35:19 +02:00
u2	13021a85d0	commit brajan i hubert	2025-05-21 07:02:31 +00:00
		`@ -1,2 +0,0 @@`
			`set-option -g prefix C-a`
			`set -s set-clipboard on`
		`@ -0,0 +1 @@`
							allign czy konf container from inside /outside side`
`@ -1 +1 @@`
	`t8:37b0111174ee4067a3c1c27dace2f4874d3f0860`	`da086cb72f6790bee9fc30d03577587f44afbb7f`